LEG + FOOT
Description:
These muscles are the largest in the body and help in balance and support. In the thigh, the quadriceps femoris muscles are extensors, while the hamstrings are flexors. Calf muscles like the gastrocnemius and soleus attach to the heel and contract to plantar flex the foot (used when tiptoeing). Shin muscles, on the other hand, include the tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus dorsiflex the foot (extends the toes).
Diseases and Conditions
Leg cramp
Forceful contractions that commonly affect the calves, hamstrings, and quadriceps. It can be caused by overuse and leads to sharp temporary pain.
Muscular Atrophy
Also applicable to other muscles, when one part of the body is inactive compared to the other, it can lead to weakness in a limb. It is caused by malnutrition or the lack of movement.
Muscular Dystrophy (MD)
Also applicable elsewhere in the body, this is an inherited disease that decreases the production of the protein dystrophin, making it difficult for muscles to coordinate. People with MD in the legs will eventually require a wheelchair. To slow its effects, physical therapy and corticosteroid drugs can help.