THYMUS
Description:
This is a gland whose main function is to create T-lymphocytes. It is located behind the sternum and shrinks after one undergoes puberty. Its main role in the lymphatic system is the maturation of a type of white blood cells that are able to aid in autoimmunity. Lymphocytes created by the thymus enter into the blood to help prevent diseases. There are three types of T cells: Cytotoxic cells directly kill cells, Helper T cells help B cells make antibodies and activate other T cells, and Regulatory T cells suppress T and B cells. The endocrine function of the thymus is to create the hormone thymosin, whose function is to create mature lymphocytes.
Diseases and Conditions
Hyperplasia
Autoimmune diseases cause the enlargement of lymphoid follicles.
Hypoplasia
There is a lack of the production of T cells by the thymus. It is also known as DiGeorge syndrome and is usually caused by a genetic mutation.
Thymoma
Tumors in the epithelial cells of the thymus, usually occurring in the mediastinum where the thymus is located. It could possibly lead to cancer.
Myasthenia gravis (MG)
As a possible result of thymomas, it is an autoimmune disease that leads to the lack of coordination between the nervous and muscular system, causing weakness.