PANCREAS
Description:
This organ is located across the abdomen and connects to the duodenum via a duct. 95% of the pancreas serves a digestive, or exocrine function. It will release pancreatic enzymes, which are controlled by hormones named cholecystokinin(CKC) and secretin. These enzymes include trypsin for proteins, amylase for carbohydrates, and lipase for lipids. The exocrine cells, called islets of Langerhans, are clusters that secrete the hormones insulin and glucagon, which are in charge of regulating blood sugar content. Glucagon is released when blood sugar is low by breaking down glycogen in the liver, while insulin will allocate too much glucose for energy or store it as glycogen.
Diseases and Conditions
Type 1 Diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes is common among youth, and is where the immune system destroys cells that make insulin. It is caused by the buildup of glucose in the blood and leads to hunger and weight loss.
Pancreatic Cancer
Most commonly caused by cells in the duct, smoking increases the risk of this, and symptoms usually arrive late but include weight loss and nausea.
Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes, the more common type, is when the body has insulin resistance. It is caused by obesity or genetics, and people with it require synthetic insulin.
Cystic Fibrosis
A genetic disease that causes mucus buildup, which results in difficulty absorbing nutrients. This causes salt loss and dehydration.
Pancreatitis
Inflammation from its own chemicals which can be caused by genetics, gallstones, alcohol, or steroids. It leads to diabetes and abdominal pain.